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La resistencia a la compresión del concreto es la medida más común de desempeño que emplean los ingenieros para diseñar edificios y otras estructuras. La resistencia a la compresión se mide fracturando probetas cilíndricas de concreto en una máquina de ensayos de compresión.
Las mezclas de concreto se pueden diseñar de tal manera que tengan una amplia variedad de propiedades mecánicas y de durabilidad que cumplan con los requerimientos de diseño de la estructura.
La resistencia a la compresión se calcula a partir de la carga de ruptura dividida por el área de la sección que resiste a la carga y se reporta en unidades de libra-fuerza por pulgada cuadrada (psi) en unidades corrientes utilizadas en EEUU o en megapascales (MPa) en unidades SI.
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Los resultados de las pruebas de resistencia a la compresión se emplean fundamentalmente para determinar que la mezcla de concreto suministrada cumpla con los requerimientos de la resistencia especificada, f’c, en la especificación del trabajo.
Los resultados de las pruebas de resistencia se pueden utilizar para fines de control de calidad, aceptación del concreto o para estimar la resistencia del concreto en estructuras para programar las operaciones de construcción.
Un resultado de prueba es el promedio de por lo menos 2 pruebas de resistencia curadas de manera estándar o convencional elaboradas con la misma muestra de concreto y sometidas a ensayo a la misma edad. En la mayoría de los casos, los requerimientos de resistencia para el concreto se realizan a la edad de 7, 14 y 28 días.
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